Laburpena

Gaurko gizadiarentzat datu funtsezkoa da: giza bizitza baldintzatzen ari den eta zeharo baldintzatuko duen krisi ekologiko globala bizi dugu. Hobeto legoke esatea krisi “sozio-ekologikoa” edo “ekologiko-soziala”, krisi horren iturburuan gizakion portaera baitago, eta etengabeko hazkundean oinarritutako gizarte produktibista/kontsumista. Antropozeno deitu zaio gure aro geologikoari, gizadiak biosferako prozesu oinarrizkoak aldatzeko indarra eskuratu baitu. Gure aroaz hausnartzean, honako biren artean bizi dugun talka biolentoa da seguruenera gatazkarik funtsezkoena: hazkunde etengabean oinarrituriko metabolismo sozioekonomikoa (ekonomia industrial kapitalistaren berezko bokazio espantsiboa) eta biosfera mugatua. Bizitza sostengatzeaz arduratzen diren sistemen aurka eraiki dugu eredu ekonomiko, politiko eta kulturala. Gizakion artean egundoko ezberdintasunak eragiteaz gain, garapen-eredu hegemonikoak Lurreko oreka ekologikoak eta oinarri biofisikoak hausten dihardu, eta horrek eraman gaitu gizadiaren historian sekula gertatu gabeko emergentzia egoerara. Hazkundearen mugak jadanik gainezkatuta, behartuta gaude energia eta material gutxiagorekin bizitzera etorkizunean, ongizatea birpentsatzera eta, labur esanda, sakon berrikustera bizierak eta gizarte antolamendua. Kolapso ekosoziala martxan da, galdera da zenbateraino mamitu ahal izango den trantsizio ordenatua, edo zenbateraino izango dugun erregresio demokratiko eta humanitarioz egindako beheraldi kaotikoa.

Orriotan helburu dugu hurbilpen orokor eta dibulgatzailea egitea desafio ekosozialari; ikuspegi globaletik eta aldi berean lekua eginez euskal begiratuari. Lau dira garatuko diren ardatz nagusiak: gaurko egoeraren diagnostikoa (pitzadura askotarikoa eta zibilizazio krisia); orain arteko erantzunen eznahikotasuna; ondorioz, ikuspegi prospektibo kritikoa (krisi askotarikoa areagotuko duen norabidea hautatu da); eta azkenik, abiapuntu orokor batzuk landuko dira trantsizio/kolapso desordenatua saihestu eta eraikitzeko albait justuena, demokratikoena eta ekologikoena den jendarte eredua.
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One of the fundamental truths in today’s society is that we are currently immersed in a global environmental crisis that is having and will continue to have a profound effect on human life. But perhaps a better description of the problem would be a ‘socio-environmental’ or even ‘ecosocial’ crisis, since the root cause is human behaviour itself and our productivist/consumer society that is based on perpetual growth. Our geological era is called the Anthropocene, since it is during this era that humankind has gained the capacity to impact the basic processes of the biosphere. When thinking about our era, the main conflict is most probably the violent clash between the socioeconomic metabolism based on perpetual growth (the industrial capitalist economy’s insatiable need for expansion) and the limited biosphere in which exist. Our economic, political and cultural models have been constructed in direct conflict with the systems that are responsible for sustaining life on our planet. In addition to generating an unparalleled degree of inequality between different human groups, the hegemonic development model is destroying the Earth’s ecological balance and biophysical foundations, pushing the whole planet towards a situation of emergency such as has never been seen before in the history of mankind. Having already surpassed the limits of growth, we now have no choice but to learn to live with less energy and fewer materials in the future. We must rethink the meaning of wellbeing and, in short, take a long hard look at the way in which we organise our life and our society. The ecosocial collapse is already under way, the only question now is to what extent will we be able to ensure an ordered transition, and what degree of democratic regression and chaotic humanitarian decline will we be forced to undergo.

The aim of this work is to offer a general and educational approach to the ecosocial challenge, from both a global perspective and a more local viewpoint linked specifically to the Basque Country. The study is divided into four main sections: a diagnosis of the current situation (diverse cracks in the system and the crisis of civilisation); an examination of the inadequacy of the response so far; a critical, prospective forecast (the fact that decisions made to date do nothing but exacerbate the many different crises which are currently taking place); and finally, an analysis of several general starting points for avoiding a disordered transition/collapse and building the fairest, most democratic and environmentally-friendly social model possible.