Laburpena

Historian zehar bai gatazka armatuak bai bakea oso modu murritzean ulertu izan dira. Analisi eta ikasketa hegemonikoek, boteretsuen interesei jarraituz, bi fenomeno horien elementu zehatz batzuk baino ez dituzte ikusarazi nahi izan. Azken ia hiru hamarkadetan, “bake liberalaren” ikuskera nagusi bihurtu da. Hala ere, eta aldi berean, ikuskera horren aurrean, teoria kritiko desberdinek gatazka armatuen eta bakearen errealitatearen azalpenak asko aberastu dituzte. Teoria horiek –feminismoa barne– gatazka armatuaren kontzeptua zabaldu dute eta, horrekin batera, euren sorrera, zergati, bilakaera eta ondorioen analisia ere bai. Horrek bakearen kontzeptuaren zabalkuntza ere ekarri du, herrien eta pertsonen garapena –hori ere modu zabalean ulertuta– barne bilduz.

Hori guztia kontuan izanda, testu honetan, lehenik eta behin, gatazken eta bakearen definizioen aniztasuna aztertuko dugu. Ondoren, gatazka armatuek populazioaren garapenean duten eraginean zentratuko gara, bi faktoretan sakonduz: gatazka armatuen zergatietan, alde batetik, eta gatazka armatuek garapenarekin duten loturen inguruko analisi ekonomikoetan, bestetik. Azkenik, generoan oinarritutako botere egiturek gatazka armatuetan eta horien ondorioetan duten eraginaren inguruan jardungo gara, emakumeen garapenean duten eraginean sakonduz.
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Historically, both armed conflicts and peace have been understood in a very limited way. The hegemonic analysis and studies, following the interests of the powerful, have only looked at certain elements of these phenomena. Over the last three decades, this conception has evolved into the so-called “liberal peace”. However, and at the same time, other critical theories have greatly enriched the explanations of armed conflicts and peace. These theories –including feminism– have expanded the concept of armed conflict, together with the analysis of their origins, causes, evolution and consequences. This has also led to the expansion of the concept and understanding of peace itself, in order to include the analysis of development, understood in a broad sense.

In light of all this, in this text, first of all, we will analyse the diversity of the definitions of armed conflicts and peace. Later, we will explore the impact of armed conflicts on the development of the population by exploring two factors: the causes of armed conflicts, on the one hand, and the economic analyses of the impacts of armed conflicts on development, on the other hand. Finally, we will focus on the gender-based power structures in armed conflicts in order to examine its impacts on the development of the population, in general, and of women, in particular.